剑桥雅思7听力：Test1雅思听力Section3真题及解析

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      Well, you've both been looking at dfferent styles of managingindividuals in companies and the workplace. How's the researchgoing, Philip?

　　Well, I've been looking at why individualism, I mean individual

　　differences, are such an important area of management studies. Whenyou think about any organization, be it a family business or a

　　multinational company, they are all fundamentally a group of peopleworking together. But it's what these individuals contribute to theirplaces of work that makes you realize how important they are. Ofcourse they bring different ideas, but it's also their attudes and theirexperiences of learning. Diversity is important in these areas too.

　　So why do people behave so differently from one another at work?There are lots of reasons but research has shown a lot of it comesdown to personality. And the other factor is gender. It's a well knownfact that men and women do lots of things in different ways, and theworkplace is no different.

　　Did you look at the effects of this variation on companies?

　　Yes, I did. On the positive side, exposure to such diversity helpsencourage creativity which is generally an asset to a company. Butunfortunately individual differences are also the root of conflict

　　between staff and they can lead to difficulties for management, whichcan sometimes be serious.

　　Thanks, Philip. So now I guess the two main things to remember hereare to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, youwere looking at identifying different talents in workers. Do you thinkthis is easy for managers to đo?

　　Well, currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in myopinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. Whatmanagers should be targeting is those employees who can take thelead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of

　　responsibility.

　　That's true Janice but unfortunately many managers think the entirenotion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.

　　Yes, that may be true but I think one of the most important tasks ofmanagers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand andgroup co-operation and conformity on the other. It requires creativethinking on the part of management to avoid tension.

　　So Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should belooking for?

　　Well, it has to start from the very beginning when companies arelooking for new employees. When the personnel department ischoosing between applicants they need to look for someone who'sbroken the mould and can think for themselves. Instead, people

　　making these decisions often use a range of psychological tests to seeif a person is a problem solver, or will do as they're told. I'm not

　　convinced these qualities are actually the most important.

　　So do you think being a good team player is overrated?

　　No, it's not overrated. You do need to learn the rules and learn themfast. No individual can get around this if you're working in an

　　organization.

　　So how should managers deal with this?

　　Rewards. When an individual demonstrates the bchaviour the

　　organisation expects, some kind of incentive can be given. What'simportant here is that this happens right at the beginning so newrecruits learn the rules of the system immediately. Also the incentiveshould be something the individual actually wants, and this isn't

　　always just money.

　　To come back to you, Philip. You were saying that recognition ofgood performers is essential. What else should managers be lookingfor?

　　Well, managing people means you not only have an understanding ofyour employees, but you also recognise the culture of the

　　organization. In fact, for some organizations creativity and

　　individuality may be the last thing they want to see during workinghours!

　　Very true.

　　Yes, but managing people isnt as easy as it looks. For example,

　　change in the workplace can be quite tricky, especially if there's a needto increase profit. And at times like these managers may have to givepriority to profit rather than individual staff needs.

　　Yes, and that creates ifficult situations for people.

　　Yes but what's important is that managers are able to deal with quitehigh levels of personal stress. During times of change they should bethinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out tothink of themselves.

　　Absolutely. So what are the implications of that for.

　　新航道师资点题剑桥雅思7听力：

　　Test 1 LISTENING

　　SECTION 3

　　场景介绍

　　主题：导师和两个商科学生就他们所做的个体差异研究的讨论对话

　　师资点题剑桥雅思7听力：

　　题型介绍

　　题号 21-23 24-27 28-30

　　题型 笔记填空题 选择题 单句填空题

　　测试技能 倾听具体信息

　　师资点题剑桥雅思7听力：

　　考题精解

　　Question 21 attitude (s)

　　从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要填写的信息是和ideas以及learning experience并列的信息，当录音中Philip介绍说 … they bring different ideas, but it’s also their attitudes and their experiences of learning ... 三个因素用also和and相连接，答案确定为attitudes。

　　Question 22 gender/sex

　　从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要填写的信息是和personality并列的信息，当录音中Philip介绍说 … research has shown a lot of it comes down to personality. And the other factor is … 考生应意识到第22题的答案即将出现，接着录音中说gender，确定答案为gender。

　　Question 23 creativity/creativeness

　　从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要填写的信息是名词，是个体差异对公司的有利方面，当录音中Philip介绍说…on the positive side ...考生应意识到此信息对应试卷上的advantage， 第23题的答案即将出现，接着Philip说exposure to such diversity helps encourage creativity，对应试卷已给信息，确定答案为creativity。

　　Question 24 A

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为什么样的员工 需要鼓励。录音中Janice说what managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the lead in a situation，对应选项，答案为A。

　　Question 25 B

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为管理者面对的 困难是什么?录音中Janice说 ... to consider the needs of the individual on one hand and group cooperation and conformity on the other，对应选项，答案为B。

　　Question 26 A

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为雇用者应该寻找什么样的应聘者?录音中Janice说 … they need to look for someone who’s broken the mould and can think for themselves，对应选项，答案为 A。

　　Question 27 B

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为管理者应该怎 么做?录音中Janice说 … some kind of incentive can be given … this happens right at the beginning so new recruits learn the rules ...，对应选项，答案为 B。

　　Question 28 culture

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为名词，录音中Philip说 ... managing people means you not only have an understanding of your employee, but you also recognise the culture of the organization，对应卷面已经出现的信息，确定答案为culture。

　　Question 29 profit (s)

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为名词，录音中Philip说 … these managers may have to give priority to profit rather than individual staff needs，对应试卷上已给出的信息，确定答案为profit。

　　Question 30 stress/ strain

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为不可数名词，录音中Philip说 ... managers are able to deal with quite high levels of personal stress ... they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out to think of themselves，对应试卷上已给出的信息，确定答案为stress/ strain。