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剑桥雅思6:Test4阅读Passage2真题+答案+解析

剑桥雅思6:Test4阅读Passage2真题+答案+解析

发布时间:2020-11-03 关键词:
摘要: 剑桥雅思6:Test4阅读Passage2真题+答案+解析

  剑桥雅思6Test4阅读原文+参考译文PASSAGE 2 :

  Do literate women make better mothers

  受过教育的妇女会是的母亲吗

  Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago, but until now no one has been able to show that a woman’s ability to read in itself improves her children’s chances of survival.

  在发展中,如果母亲有读写能力,孩子会更健康,更易活过五岁。虽然公共健康方面的数十年前就已经接受了这一观点,但是迄今为止,还没有人能够证明妇女自身的阅读能力能增大其子女的存活几率。

  Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.

  大部分受过教育的妇女在小学期间学会阅读。女性受到教育这一事实可能仅仅显示出其家庭比较富裕或者家庭更为看重子女。在尼加拉瓜进行的一项长期研究消除了这些因素。在这项研究中,研究人员教会贫困的成年妇女阅读,如果没有这一研究,她们将维持原来不能阅读的状态。这项研究的结果表明妇女阅读能力的对其孩子的健康和生存有直接影响。

  In 1979, the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes, including a National Literacy Crusade. By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers.

  在1979年,尼加拉瓜政府开展了包括全国扫盲运动在内的许多社会活动。到1985年,全国有30万的文盲人口学会了阅读、写字和使用数字,这其中有许多人从来没上过小学。

  During this period, researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women, some of whom had learnt to read as children, some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all. The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died in infancy. The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.

  在这期间,来自利物浦热带医学学院、尼加拉瓜中美洲卫生研究院、尼加拉瓜国立自治大学和哥斯达黎加卫生研究院的研究人员访问了大约3000位妇女,其中一些在孩童时期学会了阅读,一些在全国扫盲运动时学会阅读,还有一些完全不会阅读。这些妇女被问及生了几个孩子以及孩子在婴儿时期的死亡数量。研究小组同时也调查了存活的孩子,以了解他们的健康程度。

  The investigators’ findings were striking. In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point in their lives, those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand.

  研究者的发现令人吃惊。在20世纪70年代末期,文盲母亲的婴儿死亡率约为1000个婴儿中有110个死 亡。那些后来才学习阅读的母亲也有相同的婴儿死亡率(105/1000)。然而对于那些在小学期间接受教育的女性而言,婴儿死亡率相对大幅降低,为80/1000。

  In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended, the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged. For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate. The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.

  在1985年,全国扫盲运动结束后,仍旧不识字和小学期间接受教育的母亲的婴儿死亡率几乎没有什么改变。而那些在这场运动中学会阅读的女性,其婴儿死亡率为84/1000,比仍然不识字的母亲的婴儿死亡率整整低了21点。刚刚学会识字的母亲的孩子也比不能阅读的母亲的孩子更健康一些。

  Why are the children of literate mothers better off According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, no one knows for certain. Child health was not on the curriculum during the women’s lessons, so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors. They are working with the same group of 3,000 women, to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics, opt for smaller families, exert more control at home, learn modern childcare techniques more quickly, or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.

  为什么有文化的母亲孩子的境况要好一些呢利物浦热带医学院彼得桑德福德认为,没有人知道确切的原因。儿童健康并不在母亲学习期间的课程之内,因此,他和他的同事正在寻找其他的原因。他们仍然在同一组3000位妇女中进行研究,希望发现识字的母亲是否能地利用医院和诊所,选择小家庭,在家庭中的管理一些,能更快地学习现代儿童护理技巧,或者她们只是对自己和孩子有的尊重

  The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources. Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education, at any age, is ‘an important health intervention in its own right’. The results of the study lend support to the World Bank’s recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased, not just to help their economies, but also to improve child health.

  尼加拉瓜的研究也许能给政府和救助中心在如何分配其资源方面提供重要的提示信息。桑德福徳说,目前越来越多的证据表明,女性教育,在任何年龄阶段,都是“对健康重要的影响因素”。这项研究的结果支持了世界银行对于发展中增加教育预算的建议,这不仅能帮助发展中发展经济,同时也能孩子的健康水平。

  ‘We’ve known for a long time that maternal education is important,’ says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. ‘But we thought that even if we started educating girls today, we’d have to wait a generation for the pay-off. The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.’

  “我们很久以来就知道女性教育是很重要的”,伦敦卫生及热带医学学院的约翰克里兰说,“但是我们原以为即便从现在开始对女孩进行教育,其成果也需要等一代人之后才能看到。而尼加拉瓜的研究表明我们也许能够避开这种模式。”

  Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways, and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well. It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives, and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful. ‘The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,’ says Cleland. Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.

  克里兰提醒说,尼加拉瓜运动在方而是很特别的,同样的运动在其他地方也许就不如其有效。成人对他们的日常生活没有直接影响的技能是极其困难的。在其他的扫盲运动远远不如尼加拉瓜运动这么成功。克里兰说: “这一运动是给人们带来的生活的更大努力的一部分”。在其他创造相同的这些条件对于发展工作者而言是一个很大的挑战。

      剑桥雅思6Test4阅读原题:

  Questions 14-18

  Complete the summary using the Iist of words, A-J, below.

  Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 14 ·18 on your answer sheet.NBYou may use any letter more than once.

  The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of Ilitlratet

  ... to read and write. Public health experts have known for many years that

  there is a connection between child health and 15

  However, it has not

  previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not, This questionhas been investigated by 16 ...... in Nicaragua. As a result, factors such as

  17

  and attitudes to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown

  that 18

  can in itself improve infant health and survival.

  A child literacy

  B men and women

  C an international research team

  D medical care

  E mortality

  F maternal literacy

  G adults and children

  H paternal literacy

  I a National Literacy Crusade

  J family wealth

  问题14-18

  用下面的单词A-J完成摘要。

  将正确的字母A-J写在答题纸上的14·18框中。你可以使用任何字母超过一次。

  尼加拉瓜全国扫盲运动旨在教导大量的伊利特拉特特人。

  公共卫生多年前就知道

  孩子健康和15有关系

  但是,并没有

  以前已经知道这两个因素是否直接相关,这个问题已经在尼加拉瓜被调查过了。结果,诸如

  17

  对孩子的态度已经被消除,并且已经显示出

  那个18

  本身可以改善婴儿的健康和生存。

  儿童识字

  B男女

  一个国际研究团队

  三维医疗

  E死亡率

  F产妇识字率

  G成人和儿童

  H父识字

  我是扫盲运动

  J家族财富

  Questions 19 -24

  Do the fllowing statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 19 -24 on your answer shee, wrile

  YES

  if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

  NO

  if the stalement conlradicts the claims of the wrier

  NOT GIVEN

  if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

  19

  About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read whenthey were children.

  20

  Before the National Literacy Crusade, iliterate women had approximately the samelevels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school.

  21 Before and afler the National Literacy Crusade, the child mortality rate for the iliteratewormen stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.

  22The women who had learnt lo read through the National Literacy Crusade showed thegreatest change in infant mortality levels.

  23 The wormen who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had thelowest rates of child mortality.

  24 After the National Literacy Crusade, the children of the women who remained iliteratewere found to be severely malnourished.

  Questions 25 and 26Choose TwO lers, A-E.

  Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.

  Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by thewriter of the passage?

  A It is better to educate mature women than young girls.

  B Similar campaigns in other countries would be equally successful.

  C The ef of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.

  D Improving child health can quickly afect a country's economy.

  E Money spent on female education will improve child health.

  问题19-24

  在你的答案上,19-24个方框里,嘲笑的是作者在阅读的文章2中的观点吗?

  是

  如果陈述与作者的主张一致

  不

  如果围城威胁到了水的需求

  不给出

  如果不可能说出作者对此的想法

  19

  研究人员采访的女性中,大约有1000人是在孩提时代就学会了阅读的。

  20

  在全国扫盲运动之前,希腊妇女的婴儿死亡率与那些在小学学习阅读的妇女大致相同。

  21在全国扫盲运动之前和之后,伊利特虫的儿童死亡率保持在每千名活产婴儿110例死亡。

  22学习阅读全国扫盲运动的妇女显示出婴儿死亡率的变化。

  23学会阅读全国扫盲运动的人儿童死亡率。

  24在全国扫盲运动之后,仍住在那里的妇女的孩子被发现严重营养不良。

  第25题和第26题选两个A-E

  在答题卡第25和26栏中写出正确的字母。

  本文的作者提到了尼加拉瓜研究中的两个重要含义?

  A对成熟女性的教育要比对年轻女孩的教育好。

  其他的类似运动也同样成功。

  产妇扫盲方案的效果可以很快看出。

  改善儿童健康可以迅速影响一个的经济。

  用于女性教育的资金将改善儿童健康。

  Passage 2

  Question 14

  答案: B

  关键词:Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade, illiterate

  定位原文: 第3段第2句“By 1985…”

  解题思路: 到1985年,全国有30万文盲人口学会了阅读、 写宇和使用数宇,其中人没上过小学。因此答案为B选项。

  Question 15

  答案: F

  关键词:pubic health experts, child health

  定位原文: 第5段第2句开始到结束

  解题思路: 明确提到研究结果表明女性的受教育程度和孩子的健康有密切联系。因此答案为F选项。

  Question 16

  答案: C

  关键词:Nicaragua

  定位原文: 第4段最后1句: “The research teams…”

  解题思路: 研究小组同时也调查了存活的孩子以了解他们的健康程度。因此答案为C选项。

  Question 17

  答案:J

  关键词:attitudes, eliminated

  定位原文: 第2段第1句“Most…”

  解题思路: 女性受到教育这一事实可能仅仅显示出其家庭比较富裕或者家庭更为看重子女…所以答案为J。

  Question 18

  答案: F

  关键词:infant health and survival

  定位原文: 第2段最后1句“Now a…”

  解题思路: 这项研究的结果表明妇女阅读能力的对其孩子的健康和生存有直接影响。

  Question 19

  答案:NOT GIVEN

  关键词:a thousand of the women

  定位原文: 第4段第1句

  解题思路: 就在这里说调查了3000名女性,然后一些怎么样,另一些怎么样,但是并没有说到题干说的研究人员调查的妇女中大约有1000人在儿童时期就学会了阅读。

  Question 20

  答案: NO

  关键词:Before the National Literacy Crusade

  定位原文: 第5段内容

  解题思路: 研究者的发现令人吃惊。在20世纪70年代末期,文盲母亲的婴儿死亡率约为1000个婴儿中有110个死亡。那些后来才学习阅读的母亲也有相同的婴儿死亡率(105/1000)。然而对于那些在小学期间接受教育的女性而言,婴儿死亡率为相对而言比较低,为80/1000。”显然婴儿死亡率差异很大,因此答案为NO。

  Question 21

  答案: YES

  关键词:110 deaths

  定位原文: 第5段第2句和第6段的第1句

  解题思路: 在20世纪70年代末期,文盲母亲的婴儿死亡率约为1000 个婴儿中有 110个死亡。……在1985年,全国扫盲运动结束后,仍旧不识字和小学期间接受教育的母亲的婴儿死亡率几乎没有什么改变。因此答案为YES。

  Question 22

  答案: YES

  关键词:the greatest change in infant mortality levels

  定位原文: 第6段第2句“For those…”

  解题思路: 而那些在这场运动中学会阅读的女性,其婴儿死亡率为 84/1000,比仍然不识字的母亲的婴儿死亡率整整低了21点。因此答案为YES。

  Question 23

  答案: NO

  关键词:the lowest rates of child mortality

  定位原文: 第5段最后1句和第6段第2句

  解题思路: 在全国扫盲运动中学会阅读的女性婴儿死亡率。原文:“然而对于那些在小学期间接受教育的女性而言,婴儿死亡率相对而言比较低,为80/1000。……而那些在这场运动中学会阅读的女性,其婴儿死亡率为84/1000……”。可见,在全国扫盲运动中学会阅读的女性的婴儿死亡率髙于那些在小学期间接受教育的女性,因此答案为NO。

  Question 24

  答案:NOT GIVEN

  关键词:severely malnourished

  定位原文: 无

  解题思路: 题目说在全国扫盲运动之后,仍旧不识字的母亲的婴儿严重营养不良。第6段说了全国扫盲运动之后,婴儿死亡率的问题,但是并没有说到营养不良的问题,所以是Not Given。

  Question 25 & Question 26

  答案:C E (in either order)

  关键词:Nicaraguan

  定位原文: 第6段第2句“For those…”;第8段第3句“The results…”

  解题思路: 第6段定位句中说,而那些在这场运动中学会阅读的女性,其婴儿死亡率为84/1000,比仍然不识字的母亲的婴儿死亡率整整低了21点。----对应C选项;第8段定位句中说,女性教育,在任何年龄阶段,都是‘对健康重要的影响因素’。这项研究的结果支持了世界银行对于发展中增加教育预算的建议,这不仅能够帮助发展中发展经济,同时也能孩子的健康水平----对应E选项。