剑桥雅思7听力：Test2雅思听力Section3真题+答案+解析

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　　Well, you've both been looking at dfferent styles of managingindividuals in companies and the workplace. How's the researchgoing, Philip?

　　Well, I've been looking at why individualism, I mean individual

　　differences, are such an important area of management studies. Whenyou think about any organization, be it a family business or a

　　multinational company, they are all fundamentally a group of peopleworking together. But it's what these individuals contribute to theirplaces of work that makes you realize how important they are. Ofcourse they bring different ideas, but it's also their attitudes and theirexperiences of learning. Diversity is important in these areas too.

　　So why do people behave so differently from one another at work?There are lots of reasons but research has shown a lot of it comes

　　down to personality. And the other factor is gender. It's a well knownfact that men and women do lots of things in different ways, and theworkplace is no different.

　　Did you look at the effects of this variation on companies?

　　Yes, I did. On the positive side, exposure to such diversity helpsencourage creativity which is generally an asset to a company. Butunfortunately individual differences are also the root of conflict

　　between staff and they can lead to diffculties for management, whichcan sometimes be serious.

　　Thanks, Philip. So now 1 guess the two main things to remember hereare to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, youwere looking at identifying different talents in workers. Do you thinkthis is easy for managers to do?

　　Well, currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in myopinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. Whatmanagers should be targeting is those employees who can take thelead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of

　　responsibility.

　　That's true Janice but unfortunately many managers think the entirenotion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.

　　Thanks, Philip. So now 1 guess the two main things to remember hereare to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, youwere looking at identifying different talents in workers. Do you thinkthis is easy for managers to do?

　　Well, currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in myopinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. Whatmanagers should be targeting is those employees who can take thelead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of

　　responsibility.

　　That's true Janice but unfortunately many managers think the entirenotion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.

　　Yes, that may be true but 1 think one of the most important tasks ofmanagers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand andgroup co-operation and conformity on the other. It requires creativethinking on the part of management to avoid tension.

　　So Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should belooking for?

　　Well, it has to start from the very beginning when companies arelooking for new employees. When the personnel department ischoosing between applicants they need to look for someone who'sbroken the mould and can think for themselves. Instead, people

　　making these decisions often use a range of psychological tests to seeif a person is a problem solver, or will do as they're told. I'm not

　　convinced these qualities are actually the most important.

　　So do you think being a good team player is overrated?

　　No, it's not overrated. You do need to learn the rules and learn themfast. No individual can get around this if you're working in an

　　organization.

　　So how should managers deal with this?

　　Rewards. When an individual demonstrates the bchaviour the

　　organisation expects, some kind of incentive can be given. What'simportant here is that this happens right at the beginning so newrecruits learn the rules of the system immediately. Also the incentiveshould be something the individual actually wants, and this isn'talways just money.

　　To come back to you, Philip. You were saying that recognition ofgood performers is essential. What else should managers be lookingfor?

　　Well, managing people means you not only have an understanding ofyour employees, but you also recognise the culture of the

　　organization. In fact, for some organizations creativity and

　　individuality may be the last thing they want to see during workinghours!

　　Very true.

　　Yes, but managing people isn't as easy as it looks. For example,

　　change in the workplace can be quite tricky, especially if there's a needto increase profit. And at times like these managers may have to givepriority to profit rather than individual staff needs.

　　Yes, and that creates difficult situations for people.

　　Yes but what's important is that managers are able to deal with quitehigh levels of personal stress. During times of change they should bethinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out tothink of themselves.

　　Absolutely. So what are the implications of that for. ..

　　好吧，你们都研究了公司和工作场所中不同类型的管理人员。菲利普，研究进行得怎么样了?

　　我一直在研究为什么个人主义，我的意思是个人

　　差异，是管理研究中如此重要的一个领域。当你想到任何组织，无论是一个家族企业或

　　跨国公司，他们基本上都是一群一起工作的人。但是，正是这些人对他们工作场所所做的贡献让你意识到他们的重要性。当然，他们带来了不同的想法，但他们的态度和学习经验也是如此。在这些领域，多样性也很重要。

　　那么，为什么人们在工作中表现得如此不同呢?原因有，但研究表明其中有

　　个性。另一个因素是性别。众所周知，男人和女人在事情上做的方式不同，在工作场所也不例外。

　　你观察过这种变异对公司的影响吗?

　　是的,我做到了。从积极的方面来说，接触这种多样性有助于鼓励创造力，这通常是一个公司的资产。但幸运的是，个体差异也是突的根源

　　员工和他们之间会导致管理上的困难，有时会很严重。

　　谢谢你,菲利普。所以现在我想这里有两件重要的事情要记住，一是识别个人才能，然后利用它。珍妮丝，你一直在寻找工人的不同才能。你认为这对经理来说容易吗?

　　嗯，目前工作场所很流行团队合作，在我看来，个人的重要性通常被忽视了。经理们应该瞄准的是那些在某种情况下能够承担领导责任，并且不怕接受领导意见的员工

　　的责任。

　　这是真的，珍妮丝，但不幸的是，许多经理认为在他们的员工中鼓励个性是很难的。

　　谢谢你,菲利普。所以现在我想这里有两件重要的事情要记住，一是识别个人才能，然后利用它。珍妮丝，你一直在寻找工人的不同才能。你认为这对经理来说容易吗?

　　嗯，目前工作场所很流行团队合作，在我看来，个人的重要性通常被忽视了。经理们应该瞄准的是那些在某种情况下能够承担领导责任，并且不怕接受领导意见的员工

　　的责任。

　　这是真的，珍妮丝，但不幸的是，许多经理认为在他们的员工中鼓励个性是很难的。

　　是的，这可能是真的，但是我认为管理者最重要的任务之一是一方面考虑个人的需要，另一方面考虑群体的合作和一致性。这需要管理层有创造性的思维来避免紧张。

　　珍妮丝，你认为公司应该招聘什么样的人?

　　嗯，要从公司招聘新员工的时候开始。当人事部门在求职者中进行选择时，他们需要寻找一个打破常规、能独立思考的人。相反,人们

　　在做这些决定时，通常会通过一系列心理测试来判断一个人是一个善于解决问题的人，还是会按要求行事。我不是

　　相信这些品质是最重要的。

　　那么，你是否认为团队合作精神被高估了呢?

　　不，它没有被高估。你确实需要学习这些规则，而且要快。如果你在a公司工作，没有人能避开这个问题

　　组织。

　　那么管理者应该如何应对呢?

　　奖励。当一个人展示bchaviour

　　组织期望，可以给予某种激励。重要的是，这在刚开始的时候就发生了，这样新员工就能立即学会这个系统的规则。此外，激励应该是个人真正想要的东西，而不仅仅是钱。

　　回到你的话题上来，菲利普。你刚才说对员工的认可是很重要的。经理们还应该寻找什么?

　　嗯，管理人员意味着你不仅要了解你的员工，而且要认识他们的文化

　　组织。事实上，对于一些组织来说，创造力和

　　个性可能是他们在工作时间最不想看到的东西!

　　真实的。

　　是的，但是管理人员并不像看起来那么容易。例如,

　　工作场所的变化是相当棘手的，尤其是在需要增加利润的时候。在这种情况下，经理们可能必须以利益为重，而不是以员工个人需求为重。

　　是的，这给人们带来了困难。

　　是的，但重要的是管理者能够处理相当高水平的个人压力。在变革时期，他们不应该只考虑str

　　新航道师资点题剑桥雅思7听力：

　　Test 1 LISTENING

　　SECTION 3

　　场景介绍

　　主题：导师和两个商科学生就他们所做的个体差异研究的讨论对话

　　师资点题剑桥雅思7听力：

　　题型介绍

　　题号 21-23 24-27 28-30

　　题型 笔记填空题 选择题 单句填空题

　　测试技能 倾听具体信息

　　师资点题剑桥雅思7听力：

　　考题精解

　　Question 21 attitude (s)

　　从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要填写的信息是和ideas以及learning experience并列的信息，当录音中Philip介绍说 … they bring different ideas, but it’s also their attitudes and their experiences of learning ... 三个因素用also和and相连接，答案确定为attitudes。

　　Question 22 gender/sex

　　从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要填写的信息是和personality并列的信息，当录音中Philip介绍说 … research has shown a lot of it comes down to personality. And the other factor is … 考生应意识到第22题的答案即将出现，接着录音中说gender，确定答案为gender。

　　Question 23 creativity/creativeness

　　从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要填写的信息是名词，是个体差异对公司的有利方面，当录音中Philip介绍说…on the positive side ...考生应意识到此信息对应试卷上的advantage， 第23题的答案即将出现，接着Philip说exposure to such diversity helps encourage creativity，对应试卷已给信息，确定答案为creativity。

　　Question 24 A

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为什么样的员工 需要鼓励。录音中Janice说what managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the lead in a situation，对应选项，答案为A。

　　Question 25 B

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为管理者面对的 困难是什么?录音中Janice说 ... to consider the needs of the individual on one hand and group cooperation and conformity on the other，对应选项，答案为B。

　　Question 26 A

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为雇用者应该寻找什么样的应聘者?录音中Janice说 … they need to look for someone who’s broken the mould and can think for themselves，对应选项，答案为 A。

　　Question 27 B

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息是Janice认为管理者应该怎 么做?录音中Janice说 … some kind of incentive can be given … this happens right at the beginning so new recruits learn the rules ...，对应选项，答案为 B。

　　Question 28 culture

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为名词，录音中Philip说 ... managing people means you not only have an understanding of your employee, but you also recognise the culture of the organization，对应卷面已经出现的信息，确定答案为culture。

　　Question 29 profit (s)

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为名词，录音中Philip说 … these managers may have to give priority to profit rather than individual staff needs，对应试卷上已给出的信息，确定答案为profit。

　　Question 30 stress/ strain

　　从试卷题干已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为不可数名词，录音中Philip说 ... managers are able to deal with quite high levels of personal stress ... they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out to think of themselves，对应试卷上已给出的信息，确定答案为stress/ strain。